New Aravalli Hills Definition Sparks Protests Over Environmental Risks in Northern India

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India's Supreme Court approved a new elevation-based definition of the Aravalli Hills, triggering protests over potential dilution of environmental protections and risks of mining and construction.
New Aravalli Hills Definition Sparks Protests Over Environmental Risks in Northern India
A What happened
The Supreme Court of India, on November 20, 2025, accepted a committee's recommendation on redefining the Aravalli Hills and Ranges based on an elevation of 100 meters above local relief and proximity criteria. This change affects four states across northern India. Environmental activists fear this could open the hills to mining and urban development, threatening groundwater, biodiversity, and climate moderation functions. The government emphasizes conservation efforts and notes that a sustainable mining management plan is being prepared, with mining not currently permitted under the ruling.

Key insights

  • 1

    Definition change risks weakening long-standing environmental safeguards: The new elevation-based criteria could exclude lower-elevation areas previously protected, opening them to development pressures and ecological degradation.

  • 2

    Highlights tension between economic resource needs and conservation: The Aravalli Hills contain critical minerals essential for industry, creating a policy trade-off between protection and resource extraction.

  • 3

    Challenge of multi-state management for ecological zones: The Aravalli spans four states, complicating unified conservation strategies and enforcement across jurisdictions.

Takeaways

The new Aravalli Hills definition by India's Supreme Court has intensified debates on balancing environmental protection and resource use. Ongoing vigilance is needed to ensure conservation amid development pressures.

Topics

Climate & Environment Climate World & Politics Policy & Regulation Governance

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