Indonesia's second nationally determined contribution (SNDC) under the Paris Agreement has been criticized for setting emission-reduction targets that are insufficient to meet the 1.5°C warming limit. While President Prabowo Subianto has pledged to achieve 100% renewable energy by 2035 and phase out coal, the SNDC projects a 30% increase in emissions by 2035 compared to 2019 levels. This reflects a belief that deep climate action is incompatible with rapid economic growth. The SNDC's reliance on fossil fuels and modest renewable energy targets raises doubts about the sincerity of Indonesia's climate commitments. Critics argue that the government’s approach prioritizes economic stability over necessary climate action, risking a decade of high emissions and missed opportunities for a just transition to a low-carbon economy. Furthermore, the lack of public participation in the drafting process has led to concerns about the adequacy of adaptation measures and the recognition of Indigenous rights in climate policy.