On September 28, 2025, the United Nations reinstated sanctions on Iran that had been lifted under the 2015 nuclear deal. These sanctions target critical sectors such as banking and oil, alongside an embargo on arms imports. Western nations argue that Iran has not sufficiently cooperated with the UN nuclear watchdog, raising alarms about the potential threat its nuclear program poses to global security. In response, Iran maintains that its nuclear endeavors are solely for civilian use and expresses confidence in its ability to withstand the renewed sanctions. The current geopolitical climate prompts discussions about the viability of diplomatic solutions moving forward, with experts weighing in on the complexities of Europe-Iran relations and the broader implications for international diplomacy.