The Indigenous Pemón communities in Venezuela are facing significant challenges due to the expansion of gold mining in their territories. Economic hardships, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, have pushed many into mining as a means of survival. This shift has resulted in severe environmental impacts, including deforestation and river pollution, particularly in protected areas like Canaima National Park. Although Venezuelan law guarantees land rights for Indigenous peoples, these rights are often ignored, leading to conflicts and displacement. The situation is further complicated by the presence of armed groups and illegal mining operations, which threaten both the environment and the traditional ways of life of the Pemón. As mining continues to encroach on their lands, the Pemón are left with few viable alternatives, raising concerns about their cultural survival and environmental health.