Rapid Urbanization: The article highlights that the rapid urbanization in Indian cities is leading to overpopulation and strain on existing infrastructure.

Climate Change Impact: Indian cities are increasingly vulnerable to climate change effects, including extreme weather events such as floods and heatwaves.

Inadequate Infrastructure: There is a significant gap in the infrastructure required to support the growing urban population, leading to issues like traffic congestion and lack of basic amenities.

Need for Reforms: The article calls for urgent reforms in urban planning and policy to address these challenges and make cities more resilient.