On September 15, a landmark treaty to curb harmful fishing subsidies took effect, marking the first environmental sustainability agreement approved by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in its history. The treaty, called Fish One, was ratified by 111 countries, surpassing the two-thirds majority needed among the WTO's 166 members. It aims to eliminate approximately $22 billion in government subsidies that contribute to overfishing and illegal fishing practices. The treaty bans subsidies for illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing and prohibits support for overfished stocks and fishing in international waters. Despite its significance, concerns have been raised about potential inequities, particularly for small-scale fishers in poorer nations who may be unfairly classified under IUU due to lack of formal reporting. To address this, the WTO established a Fish Fund to help these nations develop necessary data collection and management systems. The treaty's effectiveness hinges on the successful negotiation of its second part, Fish Two, within four years.