Rakhine state's role in Myanmar's civil war has deepened as the Arakan Army, an ethnic insurgent group, seized most of the region, opposing the military junta that took power in 2021. Fighting escalated in 2023 after a ceasefire break, involving multiple fronts including clashes with Rohingya militias. The region is cut off, with borders closed by neighboring countries due to conflict and disease concerns. The civil war strains local resources, causing food insecurity, economic disruption, and about 20% of the population to be displaced. Human rights abuses and war crimes are widespread but difficult to verify amid conflicting reports and misinformation. Ethnic and religious tensions between Arakanese and Rohingya communities complicate efforts to stabilize the area. Attempts by the United League of Arakan to manage governance and daily affairs are hampered by mistrust and resource scarcity. Experts note that deep-rooted trauma and fear obstruct reconciliation, risking prolonged violence.