South Africa's transition from coal to renewable energy is fraught with challenges, particularly in coal-mining towns where residents face pollution and violence. While the government has outlined plans for a 'just transition' that addresses health impacts and economic disruption, many communities feel these promises are unfulfilled. Coal still accounts for 74% of the country's electricity, and the transition appears slow, with coal power projected to dominate for years. Activists report threats and harassment for opposing mining operations, and workers express concerns over job security as coal jobs decline. The need for a balanced approach that includes community voices and worker protections is critical for a successful transition.