Slovakia’s parliament approved a constitutional amendment recognizing only two sexes (male and female) and limiting adoption to married heterosexual couples.

The adoption restriction removes a legal pathway for same-sex couples to adopt, forcing affected families to rely on alternative arrangements (e.g., single-parent adoption) with weaker parental rights for the non-adopting partner. The “two sexes” constitutional definition can constrain future legislation and administrative rules on gender recognition and related documentation, raising compliance and litigation burdens for employers, schools, and public services handling identity records. Because the change is constitutional, reversing it typically requires a higher parliamentary threshold than ordinary legislation, extending the timeline for policy rollback.