French Guiana, a unique part of the EU located in South America, is facing significant ecological challenges due to illegal gold mining. This activity is not only harming the environment but also poses health risks to local populations. The French military, including the Foreign Legion, has been deployed in a costly operation to combat these illegal mining activities. Despite spending nearly €1 billion over two decades, the military has struggled to effectively control the situation, largely due to the geographical complexities of the region. The Maroni River, which serves as a natural border with Suriname, complicates enforcement efforts. This scenario reflects a broader failure to address climate change and biodiversity loss, despite having the necessary data and resources. The ongoing crisis in French Guiana serves as a microcosm of the challenges faced by Europe in protecting its ecological frontiers.