Regulators targeting distribution control in airline industry: The fine highlights increasing regulatory focus on airline distribution practices, particularly how dominant carriers can leverage their platforms to limit competition from travel agencies and bundled offerings.

Direct booking models face antitrust challenges: Ryanair's appeal and reliance on a prior court ruling signal tension between airlines’ push for direct sales to consumers and competition regulators wary of anti-competitive barriers.

Consumer cost implications from market dominance abuse: Restricting agencies raises consumer costs by limiting bundled options and reducing competitive pressure, revealing how dominant firms’ platform control can harm market efficiency.