The DTAA protocol change alters cross-border tax treatment for companies and investors using India–France structures, requiring immediate review of withholding, PE risk, and treaty-benefit assumptions. The annual Foreign Ministers’ Dialogue creates a fixed governance cadence for the Horizon 2047 Roadmap, tightening timelines for follow-on sector agreements (critical minerals, renewables, S&T, skilling) and making slippage more visible. The reciprocal deployment agreement expands legal/operational options for joint exercises and force presence, increasing near-term defence planning and contracting activity tied to basing, logistics, and interoperability.