Strategic trade diversification amid global protectionism: The agreement exemplifies how middle-sized economies are seeking bilateral trade expansion to counterbalance risks from major powers' protectionist policies, such as those of the US.

Balancing economic openness with domestic sensitivities: Both India and New Zealand excluded sensitive agricultural items from the deal to mitigate domestic political backlash while still pursuing broader market access.

Investment and skilled labor mobility as trade facilitators: Beyond tariff reductions, the deal emphasizes investment flows and workforce mobility, signaling a comprehensive approach to deepen economic integration.